| THE CARIBBEAN SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE |
| University of
technology, Jamaica |
| |
|
jake/timeline for a history
of technology.xls, last modified
26.9.1998 |
| TIMELINE FOR A
HISTORY OF TECHNOLOGY |
| Date |
Category |
Event |
| -380000 |
Building |
Brushwood Shelter, Terra
Amata, France |
| -19000 |
Hunt |
Solutrean Tool Tradition |
| -18000 |
Building |
Mammoth Bone Hut, Mezhirich,
Ukraine |
| -13000 |
Hunt |
Microlith Obsidian Tools
from Kenya |
| -10000 |
Manuf. |
Jomon Pottery, Japan |
| -8500 |
Hunt |
Development of the bow and
arrow |
| -7500 |
Hunt |
Clovis Point Technique,
Americas |
| -6500 |
Med. |
Trephining, drilling the
skull, presumably to relieve pain |
| -4000 |
Bricks |
Bricks first made in Egypt
and Assyria |
| -4000 |
Manuf. |
Metal working developed in
Iran |
| -3500 |
Comm. |
Egyptians are first to
develop writing |
| -3500 |
Manuf. |
Potter's wheel in
Mesopotamia |
| -3000 |
Transp. |
Wheel appears in Mesopotamia |
| -3000 |
Agric. |
Plough used in Egypt and
Mesopotamia |
| -3000 |
Manuf. |
Glass first made in Egypt |
| -3000 |
Manuf. |
Potter's wheel in China |
| -2500 |
Manuf. |
Drilling machines developed
in Egypt |
| -2000 |
War. |
Egyptians develop chariot |
| -1800 |
Agric. |
The plough, Denmark |
| -1600 |
Med. |
Egyptian physicians know how
to set bone & treat fever |
| -1500 |
Manuf. |
Iron working developed in
Mesopotamia |
| -1000 |
Manuf. |
Bronze Casting in China |
| -747 |
Time |
Calendar developed by
Babylonians |
| -700 |
Med. |
Dentures first worn by
Etruscans using human or animal teeth |
| -600 |
Econ. |
Coins first made in Lydia,
Turkey |
| -500 |
Econ. |
First working bead frame
abacus made in China |
| -400 |
Transp. |
Saddle invented in Asia |
| -400 |
Med. |
Hippocrates establishes code
of practice for physicians |
| -300 |
Agric. |
First water wheels with
horizontal wheels |
| -100 |
Manuf. |
Glass blowing developed in
Syria |
| -100 |
Manuf. |
Trip hammer powered by water
invented in China |
| -46 |
Agric. |
Water mills with vertical
wheels (Vitruvian mill) |
| 0 |
Med. |
Good plumbing keeps Romans
healthy |
| 100 |
Transp. |
Alcantara Bridge, Spain by
Caius Julius Lacer |
| 105 |
Writ. |
Writing with ink on paper
developed in China |
| 120 |
Env. |
Seismograph invented by
Zhang Heng in China |
| 350 |
Transp. |
Stirrup invented in China |
| 650 |
Agric. |
Windmills used in Iran |
| 840 |
Phot |
Chêng Shih invents the
Camera Obscura |
| 868 |
Comm. |
Printing on wooden blocks
developed in China |
| 1000 |
War. |
Chinese perfect gunpowder |
| 1000 |
Navig |
Magnetic Compass invented in
China |
| 1000 |
Manuf. |
Spinning wheel developed by
Chinese silk workers |
| 1150 |
Agric. |
Windmill with horizontal
windshaft developed in Europe |
| 1280 |
War. |
Chinese develop canon |
| 1286 |
Opt |
Pisan glassmaker invents
spectacles |
| 1346 |
War. |
Long Bow developed in Wales |
| 1455 |
Print. |
First bible printed in
Europe by Gutenberg |
| 1528 |
War. |
Grenades developed:
earthenware pots with exlosives |
| 1543 |
Med. |
First Accurate anatomical
drawings by Andreas Vesalius |
| 1586 |
Struct. |
Fundamentals of graphic
statics published by Simon Stevinus of The Netherlands |
| 1590 |
Opt. |
Hans and Zacharias Janssen
from the Netherlands develop microscope, later perfected by Anton van
Leeuwenhoek |
| 1592 |
Env. |
Thermometer devised by
Galileo in Italy |
| 1596 |
Sanit. |
Flush Toilet invented by Sir
John Harrington in England described in his Metamorphosis of Ajax |
| 1608 |
Astron. |
Telescope invented by Hans
Lippershey in The Netherlands |
| 1620 |
Transp. |
Submarine invented by van
Drebbel in The Netherlands |
| 1628 |
Med. |
William Harvey understands
heart beat and blood circulation |
| 1638 |
Struct. |
Galileo Galilei presents his
explanation of beam action |
| 1660 |
Light |
Experiments conducted by
Rev. John Clayton with gas gathered
from springs |
| 1665 |
Glass |
Colbert attracts Venetian
Glass Makers to France |
| 1678 |
Struct. |
Robert Hooke publishes his
theory of elasticity. |
| 1680 |
Comm. |
Dutch Drawbridge developed |
| 1680 |
Fire |
Nicholas Barbon establishes
the earliest company to offer insurance against fire loss |
| 1689 |
Min. |
Blasting produced in English
Mines |
| 1692 |
Transp. |
Canal du Midi constructed in
France connecting the Mediterranean with the Bay of Biscay |
| 1709 |
BT |
Coke employed in smelting
iron |
| 1709 |
Manuf. |
Abraham Darby I in England
found a way of making cast iron using coke instead of charcoal |
| 1709 |
Manuf. |
Domed Coke Ovens in
Shropshire, England Abraham Darby |
| 1710 |
Music |
First real Piano created by
Bartolomeo Cristofori in Italy |
| 1712 |
Power |
Newcomen's "atmospheric
engine" to pump water out of mines |
| 1753 |
Med. |
Scots physician James Lind
suggests limejuice as a way to prevent scurvy |
| 1756 |
Cement |
John Smeaton experiments to
determine hydraulic cement for the Eddystone Lighthouse |
| 1757 |
Navig. |
Sextant developed by John
Campbell in England |
| 1757 |
Struct. |
Leonhard Euler publishes his
papers on the buckling of columns |
| 1763 |
Navig. |
John Harrison's No. 4
Chronometer developed |
| 1769 |
Terracotta |
Coade factory commences
producing terra-cotta in London |
| 1769 |
Manuf. |
Mechanical Cotton Spinning
invented in England |
| 1769 |
Manuf. |
Richard Arkwright in England
develops waterpowered spinning wheels |
| 1769 |
Transp. |
Nicolas Joseph Gugnot
develops a steam-powered car |
| 1769 |
Power |
James Watt patents his
Separate Condenser |
| 1775 |
Struct. |
The engineering program of
the Ecole des Ponts et Chausées is reorganised |
| 1775 |
Sanit. |
Valve water closet patented
by Alexander Cumming in Britain, a London Watchmaker |
| 1776 |
Struct. |
Charles Augustin Coulomb
states the conditions governing strength of beams |
| 1777 |
Wood |
The Circular Saw patented
Britain |
| 1778 |
Sanit. |
Joseph Bramah patents his
improvement on the valve water closet in Britain |
| 1779 |
Transp. |
Coalbrookdale Bridge by
Abraham Darby III |
| 1781 |
Steel |
The relationship of carbon
content and the strenght of steel is discovered |
| 1783 |
Steel |
The use of rollers to bind
lumps of wrought iron introduced by Henry Cort |
| 1783 |
Transp. |
Joseph & Jacque
Montgolfier brothers ascend in a hot-air balloon |
| 1783 |
Light |
A circular burner for Oil
Lamps invented by the Swiss Genevois Aimé Argand |
| 1784 |
Steel |
Henry Cort produced wrought
iron by "puddling" |
| 1785 |
Food |
Oliver Evans in US develops
new factory process with automated flour milling |
| 1786 |
Terracotta |
Clay pots used in roof
construction of the Théâtre du Palais Royal, Paris |
| 1793 |
Fire |
London Committee of
Architects compares materials to control the spread of fire |
| 1795 |
Manuf. |
Food preserved in airtight
jars by Nicolas Appert in France |
| 1796 |
Steel |
Cast-iron beams and columns
used in a Shrewsbury mill |
| 1796 |
Med. |
Vaccine developed first
against smallpox |
| 1796 |
Med. |
English Physician Edward
Jenner discovers principlle of innoculation |
| 1796 |
Cement |
Roman cement patented by
James Parker in Britain |
| 1797 |
Manuf. |
Henry Maudslay in England
develops screw-cutting lathe |
| 1798 |
Comm. |
German Alois Senefelder
develops lithography |
| 1798 |
Light |
Philippe Lebon moves to
Paris to develop his "Thermolampe" |
| 1800 |
Min. |
Plugs and feathers used in
quarrying |
| 1800 |
Elec. |
Electric cell battery
invented by Alessandro Volta in Italy |
| 1801 |
Manuf. |
French weaver J.M. Jacquard
developed a loom controlled by punch cards. |
| 1802 |
Light |
The Peace of Amiens
celebrated by William Murdock's gaslight display at the Boulton and Watt
factory, Bermingham |
| 1805 |
Engin. |
High pressure steam engine
perfected by Richard Trevithick in England |
| 1806 |
Manuf. |
Henry Maudslay and Marc
Brunel develop machines to mass produce pulleys in Portsmouth |
| 1809 |
Steel |
Cast-iron dome covers the
courtyard of the Halle aux Blés, Paris |
| 1811 |
Comm. |
German Frederick König
develops the steam drive printing press |
| 1815 |
Min. |
Miner's safety lamp invented
by Sir Humphrey Davy in England |
| 1816 |
Transp. |
Bicycle invened by Karl von
Sauerbronn in Germany |
| 1818 |
Manuf. |
American Inventor Thomas
Blanchard invents the copying lathe |
| 1820 |
Accoust. |
John Blackburn constructs a
paraboloid sounding board behind his pulpit |
| 1820 |
Cement |
Natural cement discovered in
consrtuction of the Erie Canal, patented in US by Canvass White |
| 1824 |
Cement |
Portland cement patented by
Joseph Aspdin in Britain |
| 1825 |
Transp. |
French émigré engineer Marc
Brunel constructs tunnel underneath the Thames in London |
| 1827 |
Phot. |
First succesful photograph
taken by Nicéphore Niépce in France |
| 1829 |
Manuf. |
Barthélemy Thimonnier
invents the sewing machine |
| 1829 |
Light |
Limelight perfected by
Thomas Drummond in Britain |
| 1830 |
Elev. |
Hoists in mill buildings
operated by steam power |
| 1831 |
Elect. |
Michael Faraday's
experiments with electrcity |
| 1832 |
BT |
Balloon Framing introduced
in Chicago |
| 1832 |
Accoust. |
Benjamin Henry Latrobe's
principles of accoustics published in the American edition of the Edinburgh
Encyclopedia |
| 1834 |
Agric. |
Reaping machine invented in
the United States |
| 1834 |
Aircon. |
Icemaking machine patented
by Jacob Perkins in Britain |
| 1835 |
Brick |
Introduction of Brick
Machines that extrude shafts of clay to be cut by wires |
| 1835 |
Steel |
Construction of the iron
fishmarket behind Hungerford Market, London |
| 1836 |
War. |
Gun with a revolving bullet
chamber -a revolver- invented by Samuel Colt in the United States |
| 1836 |
Concrete |
Uses of concrete described
in George Godwin's paper at the RIBA |
| 1837 |
Comm. |
Electric telegraph printing
messages in code developed by Samuel Morse in the United States |
| 1837 |
Comm. |
English teacher Isaac Pitman
develops shorthand writing |
| 1837 |
Transp. |
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
designs the first oceanic steam ship The Great Western |
| 1839 |
Manuf. |
James Nasmyth develops the
steam hammer |
| 1840 |
Med. |
Anaesthetics pioneered by
Amricans Horace Wells and William Morton leading t pain free surgery |
| 1844 |
Fire |
Chemica fire extinguishers
introduced |
| 1845 |
Brick |
Steam-heated tunnel brick
dryers developed |
| 1845 |
Light |
J.W. Starr patents his
incandescent lamp |
| 1846 |
Manuf. |
Singer perfects the sewing
machine |
| 1847 |
Med. |
Antiseptics developed by the
Hungarian Ignaz Semmelweiss for use in childbirth, one of the first doctors
to connect disease and hygiene |
| 1847 |
Accoust. |
The "isacoustic
curve" presented by John Scott Russell in a lecture before the RIBA |
| 1849 |
Steel |
Installation of the first
cast-iron facades produced by James Bogardus |
| 1849 |
Domest. |
Safety pin invented by
Walter Hunt in the United States |
| 1850 |
Wood |
Circular saw first employed
in processing lumber |
| 1850 |
Brick |
Initial uses of the tunnel
brick kiln |
| 1850 |
Cloth. |
Jeans created by Oscar Levi
Strauss |
| 1850 |
Manuf. |
Overhead conveyor system
developed in pig-butchery factories in cincinnati |
| 1851 |
Steel |
Crystal Palace, London |
| 1851 |
Aircon. |
Dr. John Gorrie patents an
air cycle compression ice-making machine in the US |
| 1852 |
Transp. |
Frenchman Henri Giffard
develops the zeppelin airship |
| 1853 |
Med. |
Aspirin invented by Charles
von Gerhardt in Germany |
| 1854 |
Stone |
Invention of the wire saw
for stone |
| 1854 |
Elev. |
Elisha Graves Otis
demonstrates his safety device at the New York World's Fair |
| 1854 |
Concrete |
System for reinforced
concrete patented by W.B. Wilkinson in Britain |
| 1855 |
Steel |
Henry Bessemer and William
Kelly patent processes for the manufacture of steel |
| 1855 |
Chem. |
The Bunsen Burner developed
by Robert Bunsen in Germany |
| 1856 |
Manuf. |
Henry Bessemer pumps air
through steel to burn off unwanted carbon making production cheaper |
| 1856 |
Glass |
Frederick Siemens
regenerative glass furnace, in which waste gasses heat the entering air |
| 1857 |
Elev. |
First passenger lift for
public use begins operation in the United States |
| 1857 |
Struct. |
Theorem for continuous beams
published by B.P.E. Clapeyron |
| 1858 |
Brick |
Introduction of the Hoffman
continuous brick kiln |
| 1858 |
Cement |
Systematic testing of
Portland Cements for use in construction of the London Drainage System |
| 1859 |
Steel |
Three-high rolling mill
awarded a patent |
| 1859 |
Elev. |
"Vertical Screw
Railway" is installed in Fifth Avenue Hotel, NY. |
| 1859 |
Light |
Moses G. Farmer lights his
home in Salem, Mass. with an
incandescent lamp |
| 1860 |
Min. |
Power drils used in
quarrying |
| 1860 |
BT |
Channeling machine
introduced in the US |
| 1860 |
Med. |
Louis Pasteur demonstrates
the bacterial causes of many diseases. |
| 1860 |
Transp. |
Internal Combustion Engine
invente by Lenoir in France |
| 1860 |
Med. |
Antiseptic used in Surgery
developed by Joseph Lister in Scotland |
| 1860 |
Sanit. |
The earth closet introduced
by Henry Moule and English clergyman |
| 1860 |
Glass |
Introduction of continuous
tank furnaces |
| 1865 |
Struct. |
David Kirkaldy's testing
establishment opens |
| 1866 |
Min & War |
Dynamite discovered by
Alfred Nobel in Sweden |
| 1866 |
Sanit. |
New York's Metropolitan
Health Laww enacted following a survey of the city's sanitary conditions |
| 1867 |
Wood |
Rotary veneer lathe
developed |
| 1867 |
Med. |
Modern Mercury Thermometer
developed |
| 1867 |
Concrete |
Joseph Monier patents his
system for reinforced concrete in France |
| 1869 |
Terracotta |
Chicago Terra Cotta Company
organised |
| 1870 |
Wood |
Double-edged axe introduced |
| 1870 |
Terracotta |
Construction of the Natural
History Museum, London revives the use of terra cotta |
| 1870 |
Food |
Margering invented by
Mège-Mouriès in France |
| 1870 |
Comm. |
First truly marketable
typewriter made by Malling Hansen in Denmark |
| 1870 |
War. |
Winchester reeating rifle |
| 1870 |
Elev. |
The water balance elevator
introduced by Cyrus W. Baldwin |
| 1870 |
Light |
Continuous electrical
current provided by the Gramme dynamo |
| 1870 |
Cement |
German scientists improve
the chemical analysis and processing of cements |
| 1871 |
Terracotta |
Terra-cotta floor units
patented by Balthasar Kreischer & George H. Johnson |
| 1871 |
Fire |
Chicago fire |
| 1871 |
Cement |
David O. Saylor obtains
patent (US) for production of Portland cement |
| 1873 |
Concrete |
Construction of the Ward
House, Port Chester, New York |
| 1874 |
Manuf. |
Bulk productin of barbed
wire invented in the US |
| 1874 |
Comm. |
US inventor Christopher
Sholes develops the qwerty keyboard layout to slow down typists making the
most common letters hardest to hit |
| 1875 |
Fire |
Automatic sprinklers offered
for sale by Henry S. Parmalee |
| 1875 |
Concrete |
Residential construction
with concrete panels patented by W.H. Lascelles in Britain |
| 1876 |
Comm. |
Telephone invented by
Alexander Graham Bell |
| 1876 |
Light |
The Jablochkoff arc lamp
introduced in Paris |
| 1876 |
Light |
First demonstration of
Charles Francis Brish's arc lamp in Cleveland Ohio |
| 1877 |
Comm. |
Phonograph invented by
Thomas Edison in the United States |
| 1877 |
Concrete |
Thaddeus Hyatt publishes An
Account of Some Experiments with Portland Cement Concrete |
| 1877 |
Concrete |
Joseph Monier patents a
method of reinforcing concrete beams |
| 1878 |
Elev. |
Vertical-cylinder hydraulic
elevators introduced by Baldwin in the Boreel building, NY; horizontal
cylinder elevators soon follow |
| 1879 |
Steel |
Standard shapes for rolled
steel established by German Manufacturers |
| 1879 |
Food |
Saccharine invented by
Constantin Fahlberg in the United States |
| 1879 |
Light |
Thomas A. Edison patents his
incandescent lamp |
| 1879 |
Light |
Joseph Swan exhibits his
incandescent lamp before the Newcastle upon Tyne Chemical Society |
| 1880 |
Wood |
Saws with raker teeth used
in felling |
| 1880 |
Min. |
Development of the knox
system of blasting in quarries |
| 1880 |
Food |
Baked Beans first canned in
the United States |
| 1880 |
Comm. |
Ballpoint pen developed by
John Loud in the United States |
| 1880 |
Fire |
Introduction of methods for
protection of the metal frameworks of skyscrapers |
| 1882 |
Struct. |
Grillage foundations
constructed for the Montauk Building, Chicago |
| 1883 |
Transp. |
Brooklyn Bridge by John
Roebling |
| 1884 |
Wood |
Production of thre-ply chair
seats in Estonia |
| 1884 |
Building |
Construction of the Home
Insurance Building by William Lebaron Jenney, Chicago |
| 1884 |
Power |
Sir Charles Parsons invents
the steam turbine |
| 1884 |
Concrete |
Ernest Ransome patents the
twisted square bar as the basis of his system |
| 1885 |
War. |
Hiram S. Maxim invents the
machine gun |
| 1887 |
Elev. |
Electric elevator installed
in Baltimore, Maryland |
| 1888 |
Comm. |
German Emile Berliner
invents the Record player |
| 1889 |
Steel |
Gallerie des Machines,
Paris, employ arches of wrought iron |
| 1889 |
Transp. |
First car invented by
Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach in Germany |
| 1889 |
Transp. |
Pneumatic Tyre invented by
Scottish vet John Boyd Dunlop |
| 1889 |
Aircon. |
Carnegie Hall, NY provided
with an air-cooling system using blocks of ice |
| 1890 |
Cement |
Introduction of cement made
from blast furnace slag. |
| 1891 |
Transp. |
René`Panhard & Emile
Levassor begin t build cars and set the model for futre development |
| 1892 |
Power |
Rudolf Diesel develops the
Diesel engine |
| 1892 |
Elev. |
Jesse W. Reno builds an
experimental escalator in Brooklyn, NY |
| 1892 |
Concrete |
Patents of François
Hennebique for his system of reinforced concrete give rise to an
international enterprise |
| 1893 |
Building |
Chicago regulations limit
building heights to ten stories |
| 1893 |
Clothes |
Zip fastener invented by
Judson in the United States |
| 1893 |
Struct. |
Pneumatic Caissons used in
constructing foundations for the Manhattan Life Building, N.Y. |
| 1893 |
Light |
Commercially practical
incandescent matles for gas burners developed by Carl Auer vo Welsbach |
| 1895 |
Comm. |
Wireless telegraphy and
radio invented by Guglielmo Marconi in Italy |
| 1895 |
Domest. |
Safety Razor invented by
King Gilette in US |
| 1895 |
War. |
Submarine invented by John
Holland ordered by US Navy |
| 1895 |
Light |
D. McFarlan Moore displays
his first vapor lamp |
| 1896 |
Med. |
German Physicist Wilhelm
Conrad Röntgen discovers use of X-rays |
| 1897 |
Transp. |
Bersey Electric Cab |
| 1898 |
Med. |
Marie Curie separates the
element radium |
| 1900 |
Wood |
Resawing wood introduced |
| 1900 |
Accoust. |
Wallace C. Sabine publishes
his acoustical principles |
| 1900 |
Elev. |
Escalators of several makes
operated at the Paris Exposition |
| 1900 |
Concrete |
Flat slab construction
developed by C.A.P. Turner and Robert Maillart |
| 1900 |
Concrete |
Introduction of construction
using precast structural elements |
| 1900 |
Concrete |
German, French, and British
regulations published for design of reinforced concrete structures |
| 1901 |
Domest. |
Vacuum cleaner invented by
Booth in England |
| 1902 |
Glass |
Machine for drawing glass
cylinders patented by John H. Lubbers in the US |
| 1903 |
Transp. |
Aeroplane achieving first
sustained flight made by Wright Brothers |
| 1903 |
Elev. |
Traction elevators
introduced by Otis Elevator Company |
| 1903 |
Concrete |
Ingalls Building
Chincinatti, Ohio, the first skyscraper of reinforced concrete |
| 1903 |
Concrete |
Auguste Perret's apartment
building at 25b Rue Franklin, Paris |
| 1903 |
Concrete |
Housing built in Liverpool
using John Brodie's system of precast panels |
| 1904 |
Aircon. |
New York Stock Exchange
installs a cooling system using ammonia as refrigerant |
| 1905 |
Wood |
Softwood plywood displayed
at Lewis and Clark Expedition Centennial |
| 1906 |
Aircon. |
Willis H. Carrier patents
"Apparatus for Treating Air" in the US |
| 1907 |
Transp. |
Frenchman Paul Cornu builds
the first helicopter |
| 1907 |
Light |
Tungsten filament
incandescent lamps introduced |
| 1909 |
Manuf. |
Bakelite invented by
Baekeland in the United States |
| 1910 |
Concrete |
"Unit systems" of
precast concrete construction introduced by Ernest L. Ransome and John E.
Conzelman |
| 1913 |
Manuf. |
America engineer Henry Ford
prioneers the assembly line |
| 1914 |
Manuf. |
Frank & Lillian Gilbreth
do efficiency studies on working conditions |
| 1914 |
Glass |
Production of sheet glass
commences in Belgium |
| 1915 |
War. |
Tank with Catrpillar tracks
invented by Swinton in England |
| 1918 |
Concrete |
Duff Abrams publishes
results of his tests on the water -cement ratio in concrete |
| 1920 |
Elev. |
Popularity of air cushion
safety systems |
| 1922 |
Concrete |
Z-D thin-shell dome
constructed in Germany for use as a planetarium |
| 1924 |
Food |
Freezing food invented by
Birdseye in United States |
| 1926 |
Comm. |
Television invented by John
Logie Baird in Scotland |
| 1927 |
Comm. |
First talking picture The Jazz Singer produced by
Warner Brothers |
| 1927 |
Accoust. |
Construction of Salle
Pleyel, Paris according to acoustica design of Gustave Lyon |
| 1928 |
Med. |
Alexander Fleming, a scot,
discovers penicillin |
| 1928 |
Aircon. |
Milam building, San Antonio,
Texas, a milestone in air-conditioning office buildings |
| 1928 |
Aircon. |
Introduction of the room air
conditioner |
| 1930 |
Transp. |
Whittle begins first design
of Turbojet engine in England |
| 1931 |
Sc. |
Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll
develop the electron microscope |
| 1931 |
Elev. |
Two elevators per shaft
installed in the Westinghouse office building, East Pittsburgh, Penn. |
| 1932 |
Struct. |
Moment distribution
introduced for the design of building frameworks |
| 1933 |
BT |
Synthetic resin glues
produced in Germany |
| 1934 |
Transp. |
Cat's-eyes, reflecting
lights in the road, invented by Percy Shaw in England |
| 1934 |
Transp. |
Citroën Traction Avant,
first car with front wheel drive and a monococque body-shell |
| 1935 |
Manuf. |
Polyamide fibres including
nylon, invented by W.H. Carothers in US |
| 1935 |
Comm. |
AEG Telefunken & IG
Farben develop the tape recorder in Germany |
| 1935 |
Comm. |
Rudolph Kühnhold in Germany
and Robert Watson Watt develop radar |
| 1937 |
Shop. |
Supermarket trolleys
developed in US |
| 1937 |
Comm. |
Radio-telescope developed by
Grote Reber in US |
| 1937 |
Transp. |
Development of the
Volkswagen in Gemany |
| 1938 |
Comm. |
Chester Carlson invents the
electrostatic copier |
| 1939 |
Light |
Planners of the New York
World's Fair obtain fluorescent lamps for use in fair buildings |
| 1942 |
Power |
Italian Enrico Fermi
demonstrates nuclear energy as a potentially limitless and clean source of
poer |
| 1944 |
Calc. |
Automatic calculator
invented by Howard Aiken in the United States |
| 1945 |
Domest. |
Microwave Oven invented by
Percy Spencer in the United States |
| 1950 |
Med. |
Ultra sound used to screen
pregant women |
| 1952 |
Glass |
Pilkington Brothers Ltd.
Begins experiments leading to the float process |
| 1953 |
Med. |
James D. Watson &
Francis Crick discover the structure of DNA |
| 1953 |
Med. |
John Gibbon in the US invens
the heart-lung machine |
| 1954 |
Med. |
Contraceptive pill developed
to aid birth control by Gregory Pincus and John Rock |
| 1955 |
Power |
Solar cells developed |
| 1955 |
Transp. |
Citroën DS uses hydraulic
power for its suspension system. |
| 1957 |
Space |
Space Satellite, Sputnik I
launched by Soviet Union |
| 1958 |
Med. |
Heart Pacemaker developed |
| 1960 |
Med. |
Beginnings of laser surgery |
| 1960 |
Engin. |
Laser constructed by
Theodore Maiman in US |
| 1963 |
Comm. |
Dutch company philips
introduced audio casettes |
| 1964 |
Med. |
Chemotherapy developed to
treat cancer |
| 1964 |
Accoust. |
Initiation of experiments
that lead to the electronic adjustment of the accoustics of the Royal
Festival Hall, London |
| 1967 |
Med. |
Firs successful heart
transplant |
| 1970 |
Comm. |
Silicon chip invented in US |
| 1970 |
Elev. |
Double-deck arrangement of
elevators revived in Time-Life Building, Chicago |
| 1975 |
Comm. |
VHS launched by Japanese
company JVC |
| 1979 |
Comm. |
Compact disk c0-developed by
Dutch compan Philips and Japanese company Sony |
| 1979 |
Comm. |
Walkman invented by Sony
chairman Akio Morita in Japan |
| 1979 |
Comm. |
Cellular phone invented in
Sweden |
| 1997 |
Med. |
Dolly becomes first animal
to be cloned |
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