TIMELINE OF EARLY AFRICA: EGYPT AND NUBIA
Date	Northern Africa		Eastern Africa
3 M.y BP			Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania; Earliest Tool producing Hominids
50,000
24,000
13,000	Terracotta figures produced in Algeria
8000
5000	Egypt: Pre-Dynastic  Nile valley settled by Farmers
4500
4000	Wattle and Daub Houses;		Pottery manufactured in Nubia (modern Sudan)
	Sail first used on boats siling the Nile
3900	Ceremonial Weapons made of flint and ivory
3800
3700
3600
3500
3400
3300
3200	Archaic Menes; Graves Simulate Houseplans	Cave paintings in the Sahara proliferate
3100	Dyn. 1&2; Narmer; Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
	Kings have two tombs one in Lower and one in Upper Egypt
3000	Wild Asses domesticated
2900	Houses & villages on Flood Plain made of Sun-dried Mudbrick with thatch flat roofs supported by palm beams; roofs used to sleep during heat
2800	Stairway Mastaba
2700	Old Kingdom Dyn. 3-6: Zoser, 3rd Dyn.His vizier: Imhotep, a physisican, priest and architect.
	Zoser Funerary Complex at Saqqara. First large scale monument in Stone; Pyramid at Meydum (Huni)
	Rise of skilled administration
2600	Seneferu, 4th Dyn; Offering Chapel Develops;
	Dahshur Pyramids: Bent pyramid, 2723 BC & North Pyramid built after abandonment of Bent P.
2500	Khufu (Cheops);
	K's vizier and architect is Herniunu, builds Great Pyramid  at Giza near Cairo
	Earliest surviving Mummy
2400	Pyramids of Chephren (Khafra) Valley Buildings & Sphinx & Menkaura (smallest of three)
2300	5th & 6th Dyn. Elaboration of Ground Chapel; 5th Dyn.
	Pyramid of Sahura in Abusir & Temple of Ra at Abu Ghurab around 2400 BC
2200	1st Inter-Mediate Period; Dyn. 7-11
2100
2000	Mentuhotep's Temple at Deir el Bahari, near Thebes 2065 BC		Fortress at Shalfalk in Nubia.
1900	Amenemhat, Pharaoh of Egypt reigns. His mother is Nubian	Tombs of Beni Hasan of the 11th and 12th Dyn. Rock Hewn and belong to Provincial Great Family
1800	Middle Kingdom;  Dyn. 12; Development of Glass
1700	2nd Inter-mediate Period; Dyn. 13-17; Osiris has become established as dominant god for belief in afterlife
	Hyksos people from Asia settle in Nile delta and take power in 1650.
	Introduction of Horse Drawn Chariot
1600	Hyksos are driven out by Ahmose I in 1570
1500	New KingdomDyn. 18-20; Thutmosis I & Queen Hatshepsut;  Imperial Expansion, Thebes becomes Capital;
	Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari near Thebes, 1520 BCHer architect is Senmut.
1400	Ahmenoteps I-III; Shaduf introduced for raising water in c. 1500 BC; Pylon is introduced;
	Temple at Luxor, near Thebes 1408-1300 BC
	The Great Temple of Amun at Karnak near Thebes 1530-323 BC Temple on Elephantine island, 1408 BC
1300	Temple of Seti I at Abydos; Colossi of Memnon, 1391-1353 for Amenhotep III
	Akhenaten & Nefertiti 1353-1335 BC & Tutankhamun, 1333-1323;
	Tell-el-Amarna
	Brief ascendency of monotheism devoted to Sundisk Aten
	During New Kingdom wealthy Egyptians were buried with the Book of Going forth by Day
1200	Rameses II 1304-1237; The Ramesseum at Thebes & Great & Small Temples at Abu Simbel 1301 BC
	Rock Cut Temple at Gerf Hosein
1100	Lybian Invasions
1000	Priest Kings of Thebes become virtually independnt of Pharaohs
900	Lybians
800		814 Phoenicians found Carthage in Tunisia	Meroitic Nubia
700	Late Dynastic; Piankhy 751-716 BC Nubian domination of Egypt. Iron tools and weapons made in Egypt.	The Garamantes from Lybia use iron and Chariots.	Nubian Kingdom of Kush rises at 750 BC; Temple of Jebel Barkal in Nubia to god Amun, built on top of older temple; The lion god Apedemak decorates many Kushite temples;
			670 Taharqa is beaten by the Assyrians but reoccupies the delta
600	671 Egypt overrun by Assyrians	Carthaginian expedition explores southwards from thei capital in North Africa by Sea, possibly circumnavigating Africa.	Nubian Cemetry at Nuri with Pyramid of King Taharqa; Iron working develops.
500	Persian Conquest by Cambyses in 525; Worship of the Sacred Apis Bull at Memphis.		538 Kushite kindom moves from Napata to Meroë
400		480 Voyage of Carthaginian admiral Hanno.	Kushite Kingdom expands, opening up trade contacts Eastward, Southward and Westward.
300	Ptole-maic; Alexander the Great Conquers Egypt in 332 BC and insitutes his General Ptolemy as Pharaoh and founds Alexandria
	Ptolemy orders restoration of the Temples of Luxor and Karnak
	The Pharos of Alexandria (Lighthouse) constructed as well as Library
200	Temple of Horus at Edfu 237-57 BC	Carthage falls to rome during Punic Wars 264-146 BC202 Hannibal defeated at Battle of Zama	248-220 Arkamani builds large pyramids at Meroe
100	Temple of Hathor, Dendera 110 BC-68 AD	146 Carthage is destroyed.
0	33 Cleopatra Commits Suicide, Egypt becomes a Roman Province	42 Mauretania (Now northern Marocco and North Western Algeria annexed by Rome.	Naga temples in Nubia; revolt of Tacfarinas, Numidian Leader against Roman Government in North Africa